Nepal full introduction
Nepal Tourist Attractions
Nepal is a land of assortment. Variance lies everywhere. You will have adventure, religion, architecture and heritage on the same platter. Come let us visit some of the major tourist destinations of Nepal.
| Adventure sites | Annapurna Sanctuary, Mount Everest trekking route and Royal Chitwan National Park |
| World Heritage sites | Bhaktapur Durbar square, Kathmandu Durbar Square, Changunarayan temple, Royal Chitwan National Park and Pashupatinath Temple |
| Holy/Architectural sites | Bodhnath Stupa, Hanuman Dhoka, Syambunath |
Adventurous Sites/ Hiking Treks:
Mount Everest:
Want to experience the intense pleasure of being alive, aware and adventurous...set yourself to a trekking and mountaineering expedition to the world's mightiest peak Mt. Everest. Set against the brilliant blue sky, the view of Mount Everest's radiant snow peaks is jaw dropping. And how it feels like being so close to the sky is a thrill beyond imagination.
Fast Facts:
| Age of Everest | 60 million years |
| Elevation | 8,848 meters (29,028 feet) |
| Range | Khumbal Himal |
| Easiest Route | South Col (Nepal) |
| Nearest Access | Kathmandu |
| Normal Weather Conditions | 5°C to 20°C |
| Medical / Emergency Facilities | Small Health Care Facilities available in most of the trail |
| Rescue Operations | Helicopter Flights from Kathmandu (Normally within 50 Minutes) |
| Communication Facilities | Telephones available at Ghandrung till Chhomrong |
| Season(s) |
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| Guidebook(s) | Trekking in Nepal Himalaya - Lonely Planet |
The Route
Mount Everest, or the 'Mother of the Universe' (called by the Nepalese) is known as Sagarmatha in Nepal. Towering egoistically heavenwards, it is 8850 meters above the sea level. The route can be sensational only if you ward off all your fears and get ready to see the deepest ditches and touch the highest peaks. So come, let's feel the energy of the mountains and experience how it looks when the sky meets the earth.
Arrive in Kathmandu
The trip begins in the ancient and colourful city of Kathmandu. During day time, we can explore the 17th century splendours of the Monkey Temple, the Durbar Square and the old Kings' Palaces, as well as the ancient city of Patan.
Fly to Lukla
Early next morning we fly to Lukla at 2860 metres, where we meet the yak drivers, and porters. We can trek to Monjo (2652m) and spend the night there.
Explore Sherpa Villages
We will continue our trek up to Namche Bazaar (3446m), the capital of the Sherpa Kingdom. Here we rest for a day to acclimate and enjoy the hospitality of the fascinating people, then proceed up to Deboche (3757m) for a night, and finally to Lobuche (4930m), where we have another acclimatization day.
Reach the Base Camp
Finally, we make the last trek to basecamp at 5300 metres. After resting, organizing, and training in the basecamp for a day, we will begin our climb.
Hiking at the Khumbu Icefall
We start with a day hike through the awe inspiring Khumbu Icefall, followed by a trip to the plateau of the Western Cwm, for our first glimpse of Camp I, at 5800 metres.
Reach Western Cwm
From Camp I at 6000 metres, the route traverses the flattish bottom of the Western Cwm, to 6200 metres where Camp II is located. Camp III is on the head wall of the Lhotse face at about 7200 metres. Known as the 'Valley of Silence', the Western Cwm is a relatively flat gently rising valley, marked by huge lateral crevasses in the centre.
Ascend Lhotse Face
From Camp II, we will ascend the Lhotse face on fixed ropes up to a small edge 7,470 m (24,500 feet). Then we will climb another 500 meters to Camp III on the South Col at 7,920 m(26,000 feet). From camp III to Camp IV we will have to face two altitudinal challenges: the Geneva Spur and the Yellow Band.
The Geneva Spur is an anvil shaped, snow covered rib of a black rock named by a Swiss in 1952 Swiss expedition. The Yellow band is a section of sedimentary sandstone which requires 100 meters of rope for traversing it.
Reach the Death Zone
On South Col, we enter the death zone, where we will spend maximum 2 or 3 days before beginning our summit push. Within 10 to 12 hours, we'll reach 'The Balcony' at 8,400 m (927,700 feet). The Balcony provides spectacular views to the radiant peaks.
Follow Cornice Tracerse
At 8,750 m (28,700 feet), a small table-sized dome of is snow marks the South Summit. From South summit, we will follow the knife-edge southeast ridge along the 'Cornice Traverse' where snow clings to intermittent rock. This is the most exposed section of the climb as a misstep to the left would send one 2,400 m (8,000 ft) down the southwest face while to the immediate right is the 3,050 m (10,000 ft) Kangshung face. At the end of this traverse is an imposing 12 m (40 ft) rock wall called the 'Hillary Step' at 8,760 m (28,750 ft).
We have finally completed our trek to Mount Everest. Now it's time to descend.
We have finally completed our trek to Mount Everest. Now it's time to descend.
Route Map
Day 1: Arrive Kathmandu (1,300 meters)Day 2: Fly to Lukla (2860m). Walk to Phakding (2652m)
Day 3: In Kathmandu, visit temples, tour the city, shop
Day 4: Walk to Namche Bazaar (3446m)
Day 5: Rest and acclimatization in Namche
Day 6: Walk to Pangboche (3757m)
Day 7: Walk to Pheriche (4250m). Visit the Himalayan Rescue Association health clinic.
Day 8: Walk to Lobuche (4930m)
Day 9: Rest in Lobuche
Day 10: Walk to basecamp (5300m)
Day 11: Rest and training day in basecamp
Day 12: Climb partway to camp 1 at 5800 metres. Return to basecamp
Day 13: Climb to camp 1 at 5800 metres. Return to basecamp.
Day 14: Walk to camp 2 at 6200 metres, return to camp 1, sleep there
Day 15: Rest in camp 2
Day 16: Explore route to Camp 3 (7300m), return to camp 2
Day 17: Return to basecamp
Day 18: Explore route to camp 4 at 8000 metres, return to camp 2.
Day 19: Attempt summit. Return to camp 4.
Day 20: Return to camp 2 and then to the Base Camp
Day 21, 22: Attempt summit.
Day 23: Return to camp 2 and then to the Base Camp.
Day 24: Trek down to Pheriche. Camp.
Day 25: Trek down to Pangboche. Teahouse or camping.
Day 26: Trek to Namche, Teahouse or camping.
Day 27: Trek to Lukla. Teahouse or camping.
Day 28: Flight to Kathmandu. Hotel.
Day 29: Fly Home. Thanks for joining our mounatineering expedition!
Facts
- Radhanath Sikdar, an Indian mathematician and surveyor from Bengal, was the first to identify Everest as the world's highest peak in 1852, using trigonometric calculations based on measurements of "Peak XV".
- Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay Sherpa from Britain were the first to climb Mount Everest successfully in 1953.
- In Nepal, the mountain is called Sagarmatha meaning 'Goddess of the Sky'. This name was invented in the early 1960s by Baburam Acharya when the Nepalese government realized that Mount Everest had no Nepalese name.
- Everest has been named after Sir George Everest in 1865, the British surveyor-general of India. The mountain was once known as Peak 15
- Get your oxygen masks and protective clothes before starting.
- Get your medical check up done in advance.
- While trekking be with the group and do not go off the track.
- Do not experiment with the route.
- Get the prerequisite permission from the Nepal Mountaineering Association
Annapurna Range:
Fast Facts
Highlights 
The trek to Annapurna mountain takes the tourists very very close to nature. The trek is a marvellous combination of being spiritually soothing and highly adventurous. The following places are the trek's highlights.- Pewa Lake Pokhara
- Gurung Villages, Langdrung and Gandrung
- Hinko Cave
- Bamboo Forests
- Machapuchare Base Camp
- Annapurna Base Camp
Annapurna, one of Nepal's renowned mountain ranges, comprises an array of peaks, all of astounding heights. Of these, Annapurna I and Annapurna II are the highest at almost 8000 meters, offering beautiful impressive view for anyone trekking through the Himalayas.
Day 01: Arrive Kathmandu and enjoy sightseeeing
Day 02: Fly to Pokhara. Drive to Proceed to Nayapul (1 hr). Trek to Syaulibazar (4 hrs). Camp.
Day 03: Trek Syaulibazar to Ghandrung. (4 hrs). Camp.
Day 04: Trek Ghandrung to Tadapani (5 hrs). Camp.
Day 05: Rest Day at Chhomrong. Camp.
Day 06: Trek Chhomrong to Bamboo (4 hrs). Camp.
Day 07: Trek Bamboo to Himalayan Hotel (4 hrs). Camp.
Day 8: Trek to Machhapuchre Base Camp (3,700m) (4 hrs). Camp
Day 9: Trek to Annapurna Base Camp (4,130m) (2 hrs). Camp.
Day 10: Trek back to Himalayan Hotel (5 hrs). Camp.
Day 11: Trek Himalayan Hotel to Chhomrong (6-7 hrs). Camp.
Day 12: Trek Chhomrong to Ghandrung (5 hrs). Camp.
Day 13: Trek Ghandrung to Tolka (4 hrs). Camp.
Day 14: Trek Tolka to Dhampus (5 hrs). Camp.
Day 15: Trek Dhampus to Nayapul (3 hrs). Drive to Pokhara. Free to explore. Hotel.
Day 16: Flight: Pokhara - Kathmandu. Hotel Overnight.
Day 17: Free day to explore, and enjoy Kathmandu. Hotel Overnight.
Day 18: Final Departure.
Major Treks
Annapurna Village TrekAnnapurna village trek presents the best of trekking. The trek is along the Mt. Annapurna Foothills to the view point on Poon Hill. Trekking routes snake through the impressive mountain scenery and charming villages, home of the Gurungs, dense rhododendron forests brimming with birds and deep sub-tropical valleys. All these are set below the Annapurnas with the majestic peak of Machapuchare (Fish Tail Peak) ruling the skyline.
Royal Trek
The trek has been christened the "Royal Trek" as Britain's Prince Charles walked it in the 1980s. The trek route slowly climbs up through the ethnic villages and jungles of Magnolia and Rhododendron.
This trek offers panoramic views of Pokhara Valley and the beautiful Mt Fishtail (Machhapuchre) as well as Annapurna range to the north and magnificent lakes surrounded by mountains in the south, Lamjung Himal, Manaslu and Himchuli in the east.
Annapurna Circuit Trek
Annarpuna Circuit trek routes through variety of landscapes and vegetationm from the tropical landmass to the Tibetan Plateau. The beautiful views of Annapurna and Dhaulagiri can also be enjoyed. Thorong-La Pass (5416m) is the highest spot. This trek also provides the tourists opportunity to see different Central Nepalese ethnic groups.
Gokyo Lakes & Everest
The 360° panorama from Gokyo Ri is considered by many to be the best in the world. Everest, Lhotse, Makalu and Cho Oyu have sheer vertical faces, sculpted pinnacles above the crystalline lakes.
Tit-Bits
- In 1950, it became the first 8,000 meter mountain to be successfully climbed.
- 'Annapurna' is a Sanskrit name that can be translated as 'Goddess of the Harvests' or more simply 'The Provider'.
| Location | Central Nepal Himalayas |
| Altitude | 8,091m |
| Importance | 10th Highest Mountain In The World |
| Best Time To Visit | April To October |
Major Peaks of The Annapurna Range
| Annapurna I | 26,545 ft. | 8,091 m. |
| Annapurna II | 26,040 ft. | 7,937 m. |
| Annapurna III | 24,786 ft. | 7,555 m. |
| Annapurna IV | 24,688 ft. | 7,525 m. |
| Gangapurna | 24,457 ft. | 7,455 m. |
| Annapurna South | 23,684 ft. | 7,219 m. |
UNESCO World Heritage Sites:
Pashupatinath Temple:
The Holiest Hindu Temple
Fast Facts
| Location | 5 km north-east of Kathmandu |
| Category | UNESCO listed World Cultural Heritage Site |
| Era | Prior to 400 A.D |
| Unique Features | » Only four priests, appointed by the King, can touch the idol of Lord Shiva. » The priests are always from south India. » It is believed that this tradition have been started by Sage Shankaracharaya in 6th century. |
What to See
» Gold-painted images of guardian deities
» Chaturmukha (four-faced statue)
» Chadeshvar, an inscribed Licchavi linga from the 7th century
» Brahma Temple
» Dharmashila, a stone where sacred oaths are taken
» Arya Ghat
» Gauri Ghat (holy bath)
» Pandra Shivalaya (15 shrines)
» Gorakhnath and Vishwarup Temples
» Guhyeshwari (Guhjeshwari) Temple
» Kirateshwar Mahadeva Mandir and Surya Ghat
Architecture
» The two level roofs of the temple are embellished with gold and the four main doors are adorned with silver.
» The temple is famous for its awe-inspiring and astounding pagoda architecture.
» The western door has a statue of a large Bull, Nandi, is ornamented in gold. This black stone idol, about 6 ft in height and circumference, adds to the beauty and charisma of the temple.
» The present architectural nature of Pashupatinath temple came into existence as a result of renovation by Queen Gangadevi during the reign of Shivasimha Malla (1578-1620 AD).
Legends
There are many legends describing as to how the temple of Lord Pashupatinath came to existence here. Some of them are narrated below:-
The Cow Legend
Legend says that Lord Shiva once took the form of an antelope and sported unkown in the forest on Bagmati river's east bank. The gods later caught up with him, and grabbing him by the horn, forced him to resume his divine form. The broken horn was worshipped as a linga but overtime it was buried and lost. Centuries later an astonished herdsmen found one of his cows showering the earth with milk. Digging deep at the site, he discovered the divine linga of Pashupatinath.
The Linchchhavi Legend
According to Gopalraj Vamsavali, the oldest ever chronicle in Nepal, this temple was built by Supus Padeva, a Linchchhavi King, who according to the stone inscription erected by Jayadeva 11 in the courtyard of Pashupatinath in 753 AD, happened to be the ruler 39 generations before Manadeva (464-505 AD).
The Devalaya Legend
Another chronicle states that Pashupatinath Temple was in the form of Linga shaped Devalaya before Supus Padeva constructed a five storey temple of Pashupatinath in this place. As the time passed, the need for reparing and renovating this temple arose. It is learnt that this temple was reconsturcted by a mediaeval King named Shivadeva (1099-1126 AD). It was renovated by Ananta Malla adding a roof to it.
Festivals
» Pashupati area is regarded as one of the most important places of pilgrimages for the followers of Hinduism. Thousands of devotees from within and outside the country come to pay homage to Pashupatinath every day. And on special occasions like Ekadasi, Sankranti, Mahashivratri, Teej Akshaya, Rakshabandhan, Grahana (eclipse), Poornima (Full moon day) the whole atmosphere turns festive and mirthful as people congregate here in a far greater number.
» During the Shivaratri (also spelled Shivratri) festival Pashupatinath temple is lit with ghee lamps throughout the night and the temple remains open all night. Thousands of devotees take ritual baths in the Bagmati river on the day of the festival and observe a fast for the whole day. Hundreds of sadhus (sages) from different parts of Nepal and India come here on the occasion of Maha Shivaratri.
Auspicious Days to Visit
In August, during the Teej festival, thousands of women visit the temple to bathe in the holy waters of the Bagmati River. Because this ritual is meant to bring a long and happy marriage, many women dress in red saris, which are traditionally worn for wedding ceremonies. Full moon and New moon days are also considered auspicious to visit the temple.
Good to know
According to a legend recorded in local texts, especially the Nepalamahatmya and the Himavatkhanda, the Hindu Lord Shiva once fled from the other gods in Varanasi to Mrigasthali, the forest on the opposite bank of the Bagmati River from the temple. There, in the form of a gazelle, he slept with his consort Parvati. When the gods discovered him there and tried to bring him back to Varanasi, he leapt across the river to the opposite bank, where one of his horns broke into four pieces. After this, Shiva became manifest as Pashupati (Lord of Animals) in a four-face (chaturmukha) linga.
How to Reach
» There are regular bus services from Kathmandu (from Ratna Park or City Bus Station) to Patan,. It takes approximately 45 minutes to reach Goshala, the stop for Pashupatinath.
» Battery-operated Safaa tempos depart from near the Ratna Park office in Kathmandu and drops the pilgrims at Ring Road, west of Pashupatinath.
Royal Chitwan National Park
Wild roars of tigers. chirping of jungle birds, soothing breeze and the splashing ripples of the river Rapti... a visit to the Royal Chitwan National Park may sound dream-like but reality speaks for itself. Visit Chitwan if you believe the above statement and all the more if you doubt it.Fast Facts
| Location | 120 km South West Of Kathmandu, Nepal |
| Area Coverage | 932 sq km |
| Wildlife Attractions | One-Horned Rhino, Royal Bengal Tiger |
| Temperature | Max- 34°C & Min- 1°C |
| Best Time to Visit | From October to February |
| Nearest Access | Bharatpur |
Striking Features
- There are more than 43 species of mammals, over 450 species of birds, and more than 45 species of amphibians and reptiles in the park.
- One of the most important sub-tropical parks in Indian sub-continent.
- More than 43 mammal species, 450 bird species, and more than 45 species of amphibians and reptiles.
- Known for diversity of eco-systems. Within the park are Churia hills, ox-bow lakes, and the flood plains of Rapti, Reu and Narayani rivers.
Fauna and Flora
Mammals
There are more than 50 species of mammals in the park. The park is famous for conservation of the endangered one-horned rhinoceros, tiger, gharial, gaur, wild elephant, four horned antelope, striped hyena, pangolin, Gangetic dolphin, monitor lizard, and python. Some other animals found in the park are sambar, chital (deer), hog deer, barking deer, sloth deer, common leopard, ratel, palm civet, wild dog, langur and rhesus monkeys.
Amphibians
More than 45 species of amphibians and reptiles live in the park, more famous of which are the marsh crocodile, cobra, green pit viper and various species of frogs and tortoises.
Birds
There are more than species of birds in the park. Counted among the endangered birds are the Bengal florican, giant hornbill, lesser florican, black stork and white stork. Few common birds are peafowl, red jungle fowl, and different species of egrets, herons, kingfishers, flycatchers and woodpeckers. The best time for watching birds is in March and December.
Flora
One fifth of the park is comprises the floodplain of the Narayani, Rapti and the Reu Rivers. It is covered by dense Elephant grass interspersed with forests of silk cotton (Kapok), Acacia and Sisam trees.
Adventure Activities
Watching the wonders of Nature
Watching unique birds and animals from atop an elephant can be quite exciting. Here is a list of activities that can make your trip to the Royal Chitwan National Park more memorable.
Canoeing
Canoeing on Chitwan rivers is an excellent way of seeing waterfalls. The park's dolphins and crocodiles, however, are seldom seen. The high temperatures experienced in the park make bathing in the river an attractive pastime. Water-holes are also lure for a swim. Watching the elephants showering is very interesting.
Elephant Tracking
Elephant rides is a major Chitwan attractions. Wild boar, red deer and other creatures of the jungle can be seen, in the morning and evening especially, from from atop the tall pachyderms. One more advantage is that rhinos can be approached without danger. Apart from the animals, luxuriant vegetation and jungle chorus - different sounds in different parts of the day - make the ride a memorable experience. Jeep Safari
Jungle safaris make it possible to explore the length and breadth of the National Park.
White- Water Rafting
White-water rafting expedition and jungle safari together represent the ultimate adventure. The river trip itself takes two to three days, commencing at or upstream of Mugling and ending in Narayanghat.
Animal Watching from Hides
Apart from safaris on foot and elephant back, hides offer animal watchers another way of getting what they want. Called machans in local language, these wooden towers are usually erected in clearings crossed by game paths. Best time to watch red deer and rhinos is early morning and evening.
Travel Tips
- Try to be well informed about the routes of the park
- Consult the doctor before you leave for the trip
- Do not disturb the animals and birds in the park
- Remain in a group
- Try to take a guide along with you while exploring the park
- Binoculars
- Sun Hat and Sun Cream
- Swim Wear
- Light Clothes; Color should blend with natural surroundings
- Light sweater or jacket for mornings and evenings during the winter season (Dec to Feb)
- Shoes for easy movement
- Flashlight
- Swiss knife
By Road
Move on the Kathmandu-Narayanghat Highway. Then drive on the Pokhara - Narayanghat Highway which takes you to the park.
By Raft
You can raft down the Trisuli River (from Kathmandu) or Seti River (from Pokhara) ro reach the park.
By Air
Regular charter flights are available from Kathmandu, Pokhara, Biratnagar (Koshi Tappu), Bhairawa (Lumbini), Nepalgunj (Bardia).
Changu Narayan Temple:
he Essence of Kathmandu Valley
Changu Narayan Temple, the oldest temple in Kathmandu valley came in existence in 4th century. The temple is adorned by some of the best specimen of stone, wood, and metal craft in the valley. The temple stands as the epitome of culture, religion, history and faith of the Kathmandu valley. Fast Facts
| Location | 22 km from Kathmandu |
| Importance | Oldest temple in Kathmandu valley |
| Built in | 4th century A.D. |
| Devoted to | Hindu Lord Shiva |
| Major Attraction | Vishnu image with ten heads and ten arms |
Historical Importance
- It is the oldest temple in Kathmandu valley.
- A Vishnu idol with ten heads and ten arms is a fine example of stone carving from the 5th century.
- The temple is of great importance due to its idols and shrines having rich architectural beauty.
- Garuda Narayana Temple
- Shrine of King Bhupalendra Malla and his mother
- Krishna Shrine
- Nateshvara Shrine
- Sculpture of Sri Mahadev
- Sculpture of Garuda
- Shrine of Somalingeshvara
- Sculptures: Vishnu, Durga Avalokitesvara and Garuda Ganesh
- Ganesh Shrine
- Bhagvati Temple
- Vishnu Vikranta
- Vishnu Vishvarupa
- Lakshmi Temple Shiva Temple
- Stone Column
Legendary places in the temple
Garuda Idol
Inside the Changunarayan temple is a esteemed figure of Garuda. The statue is offered sweets by the devotees every year on Nag Panchami. This is done in remembrance of the epic struggle with the great snake Taksaka. The drops of moisture, believed to be effective against diseases such as leprosy and ulcers, are collected by the priests.
King Bhupendra Malla Statues
Statues of King Bhupalendra Malla of Kathmandu and his mother can also be seen in a shrine. Bloody fighting characterised their politics during the 17th century but both were generous when it came to revering the gods.
Vishnu Sculpture
To the north of the temple is a sculpture of Lord Vishnu seated on Garuda (Garudasana Vishnu). This image appears on the Nepalese 10 rupee note. Vishnu sculpture dates back to 9th century.
Important Vishnu Sculptures
Vishwaroop
Vishwaroop sculpture, dating back to 8th century A.D., presents Lord Vishnu in his universal form.
Vishnu Vikrant
The stone idol, harking back to the 8th century A.D, is of the most powerful form of Lord Vishnu. It is related to the Hindu legend of Vaman, an incarnation of Vishnu, who measured space with feet.
Vishnu Riding Garuda
This figure of Vishnu mounting Garuda, the mythical bird, dates back to the 10th century A.D.
Narsimhha Vishnu
This form of Lord Vishnu, the Narsimha, is in half human and half lion form.
How to Reach
Take a taxi from Bhaktpaur to reach Changu Narayan temple. The driv would be of approximately 30 minutes.
Kathmandu Durbar Square:
A Cluster of Temples and Palaces
Listed as one of the eight Cultural World Heritage site by UNESCO, Kathmandu Durbar Square is a cluster of ancient temples, palaces, courtyards and streets that date back to the 12th and 18th centuries. The square is known to be the social, religious and urban focal point of the Capital City.The Palace Complex was the royal Nepalese residence until the 19th century and is the site of important ceremonies, such as the coronation of the Nepalese monarch. The palace is decorated with elaborately-carved wooden windows and panels an. It houses the King Tribhuwan Memorial Museum and the Mahendra Museum.
Fast Facts
| Location | Kathmandu |
| Significance | UNESCO World Heritage Site |
| UNESCO Category | Cultural |
| Built In | 16th and 17th centuries |
| Major Attractions | Taleju Temple and Hanuman Dhoka |
Major Attractions
Taleju Temple
The temple is a famous Hindu and Jain religious site. The three-tiered temple is the first to be erected with more than two roofs and raised on a tall stepped platform. It is said that the mandir was built in the shape of a yantra on the advice of the Taleju Goddess herself and that she appeared to the King at the dedication ceremony disguised as a bee.
Mahendreshvara Temple
The simple yet beautiful temple was built by King Mahendra Malla and is dedicated to the Hindu Lord Shiva in the form of Pashupati. The temple was destroyed in a 1934 earthquake and rebuilt thereafter. The temple is a memorial to its founder.
Jagannath Temple
The Jagannath Temple is recognized as the finest of the group near Hanuman Dhoka. Exquisite wood-carvings embellish the doors, windows and roof struts, depicting a panoply of gods from the Hindu pantheon. Originally dedicated to Vishnu the shrine was later re-dedicated to Jagannath.
Dequtale Temple
The temple was built by Shivasimha Malla honoring the Mallas' family deity, Degutale. It resembles Taleju's shrine but with a tower-like base in place of the stepped platform. The worship of Degutale has its origins in a nature cult, the images being pieces of rock which the Newaris set up and worshipped.
Hanuman Dhoka
Palace facade turns at right angles between the Degutale Temple and the Taleju Mandir. This way is created Hanuman Dhoka (Hanuman is a monkey god). Hanuman idol placed in the dhoka has been anointed with mustard oil and vermilion through the centuries.
Nasal Chowk
Nasal Chowk takes its name from the little statue of the dancing Krishna in the shrine on the east side of the court. In Malla times the podium in the center of the court was used for dancing displays. The Shah kings chose to be crowned in Nasal Chowk, a tradition which continues today.
Mul Chowk
As the occasional abode of the goddess Taleju, the court is barred to visitors, though it is often possible to peep in through the gate and have a look at the exquisite beauty of the palace. The Chowk is opened to Hindus once a year when, on the ninth day of the Dasain Festival, hundreds of buffaloes and goats are sacrificed to the goddess.
Bhandarkal
Bhandarkal is a botanical garden created by King Pratap Mall in the mid 17th century. With its diverse flora, Bhandarkal is a treat for nature lovers and ecologists. The garden has been named after a seven-storied palace that possesses a statue of the Sleeping Vishnu, Jalashayana Narayan.
Vilar Temple
Between the Lalitpur and Basantpur Towers can be seen the magnificently carved façade of the three-storied Vilas Mandir, of a richness truly befitting a Temple of Luxury.
Trailokya Mohan Narayan Temple
The three storied temple has the figure of Garuda placed in its front and incarnations of Lord Vishnu within the temple. It was built by Prithvi Bendra Malla in 1680.
Shiva Temple
The Shiva Temple in Darbar Square is a replica of the Jaisi Deval and was built by Riddhi Lakshmi in 1690.
Shiv Parvati Temple
The long low building on the northern side of Durbar Square contains the beautiful shrines of Shiva and Parvati. This somewhat unusual building is believed to date from the time of Bahadur Shah. It is probably a reconstruction, the stepped platform on which it stands being considerably older than the temple itself.
Manju Deval
Dedicated to Shiva the large three-storied Manju Deval on its unusually high stepped base seems to dominate Durbar Square. It was built in 1692 by the mother of Bhupatindra Malla of Bhaktapur. Inside the temple there is a Shiva lingam. The small shikhara (temple tower in the North Indian style) at the foot of the steps honors Kam Dev, Shiva's shakti.
Kumari Bahal
The house of the Living Goddess, the Kumari Bahal looks like the monastery that was constructed in 1757 by Jaya Prakash Malla. Inside it lives the young girl who is selected to be the town's living goddess, until she reaches her first puberty and reverts to being a normal mortal.
Kasthamandapa
Kasthamandap or house of wood is the building which gave Kathmandu its name. Legend narrates that the whole building is constructed from a Single Sal tree. At first it was a community hall where local people gathered for important ceremonies but later it was converted to a Temple of Gorakhnath. The image of Gorakhnath glitters at the center of the building.
Ashok Binayak Shrine
The Ashok Binayak Shrine is the principle shrine of Lord Ganesha in the Kathmandu Valley. The stone image of Lord Ganesha stands beneath a golden replica of the Ashok tree which once shaded the shrine and eventually gave it its name.
Simha Sattal
Simla Sattal is located at the southern end of the Kathmandu Durbar Square. The residential style temple contains the Garuda Narayan figure, strange looking effigies and a little shrine of Harikrishna.
Golden Gate:
Bhaktapur's Pride
Golden Gate is considered to be the most beautiful and rich specimen of its kind not only in Nepal but the entire world. Door of the great monument is bedecked with mysterious monsters and other mythical creatures. The door is of immense archaeological, historical and religious importance, and the architecture is indeed of great value. The Golden Gate was built by Monarch Ranjit Malla. It is the entrance to the main courtyard of the palace of fifty-five windows, in Bhaktapur Durbar Square. Also recognised by many as Sun Dhoka, the Golden Gate is the pride of Nepal. A figure of the Goddess Kali and Garuda (mythical bird) is at the top of the door. It is also assisted by two heavenly nymphs.
Overview
| Location | Bhaktapur Durbar Square |
| Significance | UNESCO World Heritage Site (Bhaktapur) |
| Built In | 1753 |
| Built By | King Ranjeet Malla |
Quote-Unqoute
In the words of Percy Brown, an eminent English art critic and historian, "The Golden Gate is the most lovely piece of art in the whole Kingdom: it is placed like a jewel, flashing innumerable facets in the handsome setting of its surroundings."
Major Attractions
- The gate is praised for some of the most beautiful gilded copper-work in the Kathmandu Valley.
- On either side of the door frame a doorkeeper, a vase symbolising good fortune, and figures of deities like Bhagawati, Ganesh, Bhairava, Kumari and Kali.can be seen.
- Ten-armed Godesses Taleju attended by Shri and Lakshmi seated on a crocodile and a tortoise appear above the door.
Tit-Bits
- Sun Dhoka or the Golden Gate connects the two blocks of the palace of 55 windows.
- It is an entrance providing access to Kumari Chowk and the Taleju Mandir.
- Jaya Ranajit Malla erected the Golden Gate in 1753 after successful conquest campaign against Dudhkosi and Tolkha.
Buddhist/Hindu/Jain Site/ Architectural Site:Bouddhanath Stupa:
Bouddhanath Stupa, the biggest stupa in Nepal, lies about 7 km east of the capital. The Bouddhanath stupa, also called by many as Khasti Chitya, is one of the oldest stupas in the country. After 1959, many Tibetans arrived and settled in Bouddhanath area. The stupa, a well-known Buddhist pilgrimage site, is included in World Heritage Cultural site list by UNESCO.Fast Facts
| Location | 7 km east of Kathmandu |
| Importance | UNESCO world Heritage Site |
| UNESCO Category | Cultural |
| UNESCO Listed | 1979 |
Structure
With diameter of about 100m and 40m height, Buddhanath holds its place among the largest stupas in the world. The Buddhanath stupa covers a vast area. It has a round path at the bottom while another path is made of three-tier plinth. The stupa resembles Swayambhunath stupa to some extent. The most impressive part of the stupa is the eyes of the Buddha which are painted with red, white and blue colors.
Festivals
Lhosar, the Tibetan new year festival, is the most popular festival celebrated at Bodhanath Stupa. Lhosar festival begins with prayers and worship. Thousands of Tibetans dress in traditional attire and dance after expressing reverence for Buddha. Number of Tibetans come from Laddakh, Sikkim, Bhutan to take part in this festival.
Attractions
In Buddhanath Stupa, there are many monasteries or Gompa attractions. They are all impressively adorned and colorfully painted. Anyone can visit the monasteries and take visuals. It is advisable to give small donation if you take photographs.
Tit-Bits
- The whole structure has a diameter of about 100 meters and a height of approximate 40 meters.
- Legend holds that King Manadeva erected the Bouddhanath stupa during the Lichavi period. It has been refurbished many times. The present stupa was renovated in the seventeenth century.
Swayambhunath:
The Most Enigmatic Holy Shrine
The Buddhist temple of Swayambhunath, situated on the top of a hill, west of Kathmandu, is one of the most popular, holy and instantly recognizable symbols of Nepal. The temple is colloquially known as the 'monkey temple' because of the large tribe of roving monkeys who guard the temple.Fast Facts
| Location | Kathmandu Valley |
| Era | Before 5th century |
| Unique Feature | 365 steps lead to the Temple that is believed to be 'Self-Created' or 'Self-Existence' |
| Category | Wold Heritage Site |
Major Attractions
The Stupa
Swayambhunath Stupa is a golden spire crowning a conical wooded hill. It is the most ancient and enigmatic of all the holy shrines in Kathmandu Valley. It has a lofty white dome and a glittering golden spire that are visible from all sides of the valley. Historical records found on a stone inscription give evidence that the stupa was already an important Buddhist pilgrimage destination by the 5th century A.D. i.e. before the coming of Buddhism in the valley.
Area Surrounding The Stupa
The surroundings of Swyambhunarayan Stupa consists of chaityas, temples, painted images of deities and numerous other religious objects.
Harati Temple
The temple is dedicated to the goddess of smallpox and other epidemics. The presence of the Harati Devi temple signifies the intermingling of the pantheons of Hinduism and Buddhism in Nepal.
Palace Of Peace
Atop Syambunath hill is another fascinating, though less visited temple, Shantipur, popularly known as the 'Palace of Peace'. It is said that inside the secret underground chamber of the temple lives the 8th century Tantric master, Shantikar Acharya. The master, it is believed, has lived through centuries and has full control on the weather and the King of Kathmandu must go to him in times of drought.
Architecture
Amazing to look at, the architectural beauty of Swayambunath Temple gives way to the feelings of reverence and adoration. The stupa consists of a dome at the base and a cubical structure with eyes of Buddha looking in all the four directions. There are pentagonal Toran present above each of the four sides with statues engraved in them. Behind and above the torana there are thirteen tiers. Above all the tiers, there is a small space above which the Gajur is present.
Mythology
According to Swayambhu Puran, the entire Kathmandu valley was once filled with an enormous lake, out of which grew a mystical Lotus. The valley came to be known as Swayambhu, meaning 'Self-Created' or 'Self-Existent'. The Bodhistava Manjushri had a vision of the lotus at Swayambhu and traveled there to worship it. In order to make the site more accessible to human pilgrims, Manjushri cut a gorge through the mountains surrounding the valley. The water drained out of the lake, leaving the valley in which Kathmandu now lies. The lotus was transformed into a hill and the flower become the Swayambhunath stupa.
Symbology
The dome at the base represents the entire world. When a person gets free (represented by eyes of mercy and self knowledge) from the bonds of the world, the person reaches the state a bit higher. After that, the person has to cross thirteen stages represented by the tiers before attaining Nirvana (salvation).
How To Reach
There are two ways to reach the top of the monkey temple: the first and the most common is to get there with a car but the most beautiful way to reach the top of this amazing temple is to climb the 365 stairs of the temple.
Hanuman Dhoka:
The Delineative of Nepalese Culture
Hanuman Dhoka (Hanuman Gate), with several complexes spread over an area of about five acres, is the social, religious and urban focal point of Kathmandu. The square is the complex of palaces, courtyards and temples that were built between the 12th and the 18th centuries by the ancient Malla Kings of Nepal. Overview
| Location | Durbar Square, Kathmandu |
| Significance | Former Royal Palace of the Malla Kings |
| Major Attractions | Nasal Chowk and Basantpur Temple |
| Distinctive Feature | The place is home to dozens of monkeys |
| Famous For | Coronation of Nepalese Kings |
Sites to See
The following sites offer a glimpse of the culture, religion and history of the Nepal Kingdom.
- Taleju Temple
- Kal Bhairab (God of Destruction) Statue
- Nautalle Durbar
- Nasal Chowk
- The Gaddi Baithak
- The Statue of King Pratap Malla
- The Big Bell
- Big Drum
- The Jagnnath Temple
Major Tourist Attractions
Let us visit Hanuman Dhoka to find out what lies in store for us.
The Palace Entrance
We start from the entrance of the square. On entering the palace or Durbar square, there lies 17th century statue of Hanuman, covered in red clothes and holding an umbrella. This is a highly revered statue by the believers of Hinduism. On the left is an interesting sculpture of Lord Narasimha, the half-lion incarnation of Lord Vishnu, tearing apart the demon Hiranyakasipu. The statues and sculptures are indeed overwhelming.
Nasal Chowk
Next to the Hanuman Temple near the entrance lies the Nasal Chowk. The Nasal Chowk courtyard got its name from the beautiful image of Dancing Shiva, on east side of the Chowk. The Chowk has historical importance considering it was the place where King Birendra was crowned in 1975.
The Chowk also has the magnificent nine storey Basantpur Tower, with intricately carved doorways, windows and struts. The golden image of Maha- Vishnu in the open veranda on the eastern wall of the Nasal Chowk will leave you spell boumd.
Panch Mukhi Hanuman Temple
Next we reach the Panch Mukhi Hanuman temple. This venerable temple dedicated to Hanuman is in the northeast corner of the Nasal Chowk courtyard. It has five circular roofs.
Basantpur Temple
This nine storey tower offers a great view of the palace and the city. On a clear day, the awe inspiring Himalayas can also be glanced at from the top of this tower. The struts on the facade of the tower have erotic carvings on them. Apart from the Basantpur tower, there are three other towers constructed by King Prithivi Narayan. The names being Kirtipur tower, the Bhaktpur tower or Lakshmi Bilas and the Patan or Laitpur tower.
Mul Chowk
Dedicated to Taleju Bhawani, the goddess of the royal Malla family, Mul Chowk courtyard was dedicated to religious activities. There is a small Taleju Temple with a golden torana in the south side of the courtyard. The deity of Taleju is moved to this temple during the Dasain festival. There are images of the river goddesses Ganga and Yamanu on either side of the entrance.
Mohan Chowk
Next we reach the Mohan Chowk . This site is only for seeing from a distance. The residential courtyard of the Malla Kings was built in 1649. It is a protected site and cannot be therefore entered.
The golden waterspout called Sun Dhara is in the center of the courtyard. It is the place where the Malla Kings would bathe each morning.
Tribhuvan Museum
This museum is a must visit for lovers of history. Tribhuvan Museum lies on the west side of Nassal Chowk. It contains an exhibit of items of the past Kings of Nepal. It has excellent stone carvings, several spectacular thrones, jewel-studded ornaments used for coronations, weapons, furniture, wooden temple carvings, and a coin collection.
There is a recreation of the king's bedroom and study, which contains the king's personal belongings. This part of the palace, next to Durbar Square, was built by the Ranas in the mid to late 19th century. This site is only for seeing from a distance. It exhibits the thrones and other valuables of King Mahendra.
We have finally completed our shot and sweet visit to Hanuman Dhoka.
Good to know
There is a 17th century stone inscription in the Hanuman Dhoka that is set on the wall of the palace with writings in 15 languages. It is believed that if anybody deciphers this entire inscription, the milk would flow from the spout, which lies just below the inscripted stone wall. Some people say that the inscription contains coded directions to a treasure King Pratap Malla has buried beneath Mohan Chowk of Durbar Square.
Outlook
Hanuman Dhoka means 'Gate of Hanuman', the monkey god of Ramayana fame. Today, dozens of monkeys call this square their home. Hanuman performed herculean tasks on behalf of the other gods. The Malla dynasty's kings used Hanuman's image on their battle flags, and in 1672 placed his statue outside the Royal Palace to ward off evil spirits and diseases. The Hanuman Dhoka, therefore, has great historical and religious importance.
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